ORA-29275 Error in using "Session Browser"

ORA-29275 error occurs when using Session Browser after logging in to Oracle 19c version using Toad 2024R2, Oracle Client 12.2.
How do I fix this?

I haven't heard of this problem in a long time.

We use TO_SINGLE_BYTE to prevent this error for the ACTION, OSUSER, MACHINE, and USERNAME columns.

You must have an umlaut or some other non-ascii character in one of the other columns of V$SESSION. If you can tell me which column it is, I can work around it.

See this post: Toad for Oracle appears an alert with ORA-29275: partial multibyte character when i execute session browser feature on Toad for Oracle.

Thank you for your reply, I haven't solved the problem yet.
The current Oracle server is 19.23.0.0 RAC. It works fine with other Oracle servers 19.8.0.0 RACs.

I don't think the Oracle version is relevant in this case. The problem is that you have a non-unicode character set, and there is some data conversion problem due to data in v$session or one of the other views selected in the Session Browser.

Turn on spool SQL and open the Session Browser so that you can identify the SQL which is causing the problem, then post it here.

You'll probably notice TO_SINGLE_BYTE around some of the columns in the select. I think the solution is going to be for me to add that to an additional column in the select, but I need you to help me identify which one.

Thanks